Profit Margin Calculator

Enter your total revenue and total cost to calculate the profit margin percentage.

The formula

Profit margin = (Revenue − Cost) ÷ Revenue × 100
Revenue
What you were paid, net of refunds and discounts. Exclude sales tax you collect and remit — that was never yours.
Cost
The cost of what you sold. Which costs you include decides which margin you are measuring; see below.
Result
The percentage of every unit of revenue that you keep.

Worked example

A month with 48,000 of revenue and 31,200 of cost of goods sold.

A 35 percent margin: 35 cents of every unit of revenue is left after the cost of what you sold.

How to use it

  1. Enter total revenue. The money you actually keep from the sale, after discounts and before any cost is taken off. Tax you collect and remit is not revenue.
  2. Enter total cost. Which costs you include decides which margin you get — see the note below the result.
  3. Press Calculate. The panel returns the margin as a percentage of revenue.

What a discount costs you in volume

Discounting comes out of the margin, not the price, so a small discount needs a surprisingly large volume increase just to stand still. Each cell is the extra unit volume needed to keep the same total gross profit: extra volume = discount ÷ (margin − discount) × 100.

Your margin5% off10% off15% off20% off
20%+33.3%+100.0%+300.0%impossible
30%+20.0%+50.0%+100.0%+200.0%
40%+14.3%+33.3%+60.0%+100.0%
50%+11.1%+25.0%+42.9%+66.7%
60%+9.1%+20.0%+33.3%+50.0%

A 20 percent discount on a 20 percent margin is marked impossible because it removes the entire margin — no volume recovers it, since every additional unit now contributes nothing. This is the arithmetic behind the advice never to discount a thin-margin product.

Which margin you are calculating depends entirely on the cost field

Put only the direct cost of goods in and you get gross margin — the health of the product itself. Add operating expenses such as rent, salaries and software and you get operating margin — the health of the business. Add interest and tax on top and you get net margin. All three are legitimate and they are wildly different numbers for the same company, so state which one you mean whenever you quote a margin, and use the same definition every month or the trend is meaningless.

Margin is not markup, and the gap is large

Margin divides profit by the selling price; markup divides it by the cost. An item costing 65 and selling for 100 carries a 35 percent margin and a 53.8 percent markup. Both describe the same 35 of profit. Pricing from a target margin using a markup percentage is a common and expensive error: applying a 35 percent markup to a 65 cost gives 87.75, which is only a 25.9 percent margin. To hit a margin target, divide instead — cost ÷ (1 − target margin), so 65 ÷ 0.65 = 100.

Reading the result

A margin only means something against its own industry and against your own history. Volume businesses run thin margins and survive on turnover; specialist services run fat margins on few transactions. The useful comparisons are your margin last quarter, your margin by product line, and your margin by customer segment — the last of these frequently shows that a small group of accounts is carrying the whole business while another group is served at a loss.

Why a negative result is not a bug

If cost exceeds revenue the margin is negative and the calculator will show it. That is real information, most often surfacing when discounting or shipping subsidies have quietly overtaken the contribution on a line. The calculator rejects only a revenue of zero, because dividing by it has no answer.

Where to go next

Common questions

What is the difference between margin and markup?

The denominator. Margin is profit divided by revenue; markup is profit divided by cost. For a 65 cost sold at 100, the margin is 35 percent and the markup is 53.8 percent. Margin can never exceed 100 percent, markup can be any size, and confusing the two systematically underprices whatever you sell.

Should the cost include shipping and payment fees?

If you are measuring the profitability of a sale, yes — anything you pay because that specific sale happened belongs in the cost. Card-processing fees, marketplace commission and outbound shipping are the three most often left out, and on thin-margin goods they are the difference between a profitable line and a loss-making one.

How do I price to hit a target margin?

Divide the cost by one minus the target expressed as a decimal. For a 40 percent margin on a cost of 65, the price is 65 ÷ 0.60 = 108.33. Adding 40 percent to the cost gives 91, which is only a 28.6 percent margin.

Why does the calculator refuse a revenue of zero?

Margin is a share of revenue, so with no revenue there is nothing to take a share of and the division has no result. A period with costs and no sales has a loss, but not a margin.

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