Percentage Change Calculator

Enter the original and new values to see the absolute and percent change.

The starting number. The number after change.

The formula

Absolute change = New value − Original value
Percent change = (New value − Original value) ÷ Original value × 100
A negative result is a decrease
Original value
The starting point, and always the denominator. Which number goes here decides the answer.
New value
The ending point. It can be larger or smaller.

Worked example

Monthly revenue moves from 240,000 to 288,000, and then back down to 240,000.

Up 20 percent, then down 16.67 percent — the same 48,000 in both directions, but not the same percentage.

How to use it

  1. Enter the original value. The number you are measuring from. It is always the denominator, so putting the wrong number here is what produces a wrong answer that still looks plausible.
  2. Enter the new value. The number after the change. It can be larger or smaller.
  3. Press Calculate. You get the absolute change and the percentage change. A negative percentage is a decrease.

The rise needed to recover a fall

A drop and its recovery are never the same percentage, because the second one is measured from a smaller base. Recovery = fall ÷ (100 − fall) × 100.

FallRise needed to get back to level
−10%+11.11%
−20%+25.00%
−25%+33.33%
−30%+42.86%
−40%+66.67%
−50%+100.00%
−60%+150.00%
−75%+300.00%
−90%+900.00%

Each row was checked by applying the fall and then the rise to a starting value of 100 and confirming it returns to exactly 100.

A rise and the fall that undoes it are different percentages

This is the single most misread property of percentage change, and the example above shows why: the same absolute movement is 20 percent going up and 16.67 percent coming back down, because the denominator changed. A number that falls 50 percent needs to rise 100 percent to recover. Any comparison of an increase against a decrease is only meaningful once you know which base each was measured from.

Percent change is not percentage points

If a conversion rate moves from 4 percent to 5 percent, that is a rise of one percentage point and a rise of 25 percent. Both are true. Quoting the 25 percent without saying it is relative is the standard way a modest movement is made to sound dramatic, and it is worth being precise about in your own reporting for exactly that reason.

Zero and negative starting values

If the original value is zero, there is no percentage change — any increase from nothing is infinite in relative terms, and the calculator marks it as such rather than inventing a number. Percentage change from a negative starting value is arithmetically computable but usually meaningless, since the sign of the result flips in ways that do not describe the direction of the movement. In both cases report the absolute change instead.

Chained changes do not add

Three consecutive monthly changes of +10, −10 and +10 percent do not net to +10. Starting at 100: 110, then 99, then 108.90 — a total of +8.9 percent. To combine a sequence, multiply the growth factors (1.10 × 0.90 × 1.10) rather than summing the percentages. Adding them overstates growth in a volatile series every time.

Where to go next

Common questions

How do I calculate percentage increase?

Subtract the original from the new value, divide by the original, and multiply by 100. The original always goes in the denominator — that is the part people get wrong, and using the new value instead produces a smaller number that looks plausible.

Why is a 20 percent rise not cancelled by a 20 percent fall?

Because the second percentage applies to a bigger number. Starting at 240,000, a 20 percent rise gives 288,000, and 20 percent of 288,000 is 57,600 — more than the 48,000 that was added. The fall that returns you to 240,000 is 16.67 percent.

What is the difference between percent and percentage points?

Percentage points are the arithmetic difference between two percentages; percent change is the relative difference. Four percent to five percent is one percentage point and a 25 percent increase. Both descriptions are accurate and they sound very different, which is why the unit needs stating.

What happens when the original value is zero?

There is no defined answer, because the calculation divides by the original value. The calculator flags it rather than returning a number. Use the absolute change in that case — going from 0 to 40 is best described as an increase of 40, not as a percentage.

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